On the 1st of Dhul-Qa'dah five Hijri, the formal ruling of veiling was revealed when he got married to Hazrat Zainab (RA) and people were coming to his house to participate in the Walima.
Hazrat Anas says that I know the most about Ayat al-Hijab, when Zainab bint Jahsh (RA) got married, she was also present in the same room where the Walima was taking place. Food was prepared, the people were fed, while some people sat and talked. The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to go out and come back, then go and then come back, while those who were repeating the words were busy talking, at that time these verses were revealed. ([1])
يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ إِلَی طَعَامٍ غَيْرَ نَاظِرِينَ إِنَاهُ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا دُعِيتُمْ فَادْخُلُوا فَإِذَا طَعِمْتُمْ فَانْتَشِرُوا وَلَا مُسْتَأْنِسِينَ لِحَدِيثٍ إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ يُؤْذِي النَّبِيَّ فَيَسْتَحْيِي مِنْكُمْ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ وَإِذَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُنَّ مَتَاعًا فَاسْأَلُوهُنَّ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ ذَلِكُمْ أَطْهَرُ لِقُلُوبِكُمْ وَقُلُوبِهِنَّ وَمَا It was for you to follow the Messenger of God and not to marry his wives after him forever, indeed, your humiliation was with God the Great ([2])
"O people who have believed, do not come to the houses of the Prophet without permission, and do not wait for the time to eat. Yes, if you are invited for a meal, definitely come, but when you eat, disperse. Don't keep talking. These actions of yours hurt the Prophet, but he does not say anything because of shame. And Allah is not ashamed to speak the truth. If you want to ask something from the wives of the Prophet, ask them from behind the veil, this is a more appropriate way for the purity of your hearts and theirs. It is not permissible for you to hurt the Messenger of God, nor is it permissible for you to marry his wives after him, this is a great sin in the sight of God.
Imam Ibn al-Jawzi says that before the revelation of the verse of hijab, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was still in the way of an Arab until the ruling of the veil was revealed. Hazrat Umar repeatedly pointed out that women The believers should be veiled, but he (PBUH) did not make any decision unless there was a clear revelation from Allah. ([3])
Ghazwa Khandaq (parties)
A few days after Zainab's marriage, that is, in Dhul-Qa'dah, five Hijri, all the tribes of Arabia, under the leadership of Abu Sufyan, launched a major attack on the new state of Madinah. At that time, the people of Madinah, including Muslims, Jews and polytheists, were not able to respond to this great attack, so they immediately defended themselves by digging a trench around Madinah according to the opinion of Hazrat Salman Farsi. Therefore, this Ghazwa is also called Ghazwa Khandaq, as well as Ghazwa Ahzab because many tribes made this attack together. ([4])
This invasion was actually a joint attack of many tribes of Arabia which was done to crush the power of Madinah. By visiting, he persuaded the Quraysh and Ghatfan and Huzail and many other tribes to attack Madinah together with a large congregation. Therefore, due to their efforts, in Shawwal 5 AH ([5]) such a large gathering of Arab tribes attacked this small settlement which had never gathered before in Arabia.
If this attack had happened suddenly, it would have been very destructive, but the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was not sitting in Madinah Tayyaba unaware, but his informers and sympathizers and victims who were present in all the tribes, kept him at the same level as the movement of the enemies. Kept informing. Before this Jam' Ghafir reached your city, within six days you had dug a trench on the north-west side of Madinah and prepared to defend it in the shelter of the trench with 3,000 troops with Mount Sala at your back. gone. Gardens to the south of Madinah were (and still are) so abundant that no attack from that side could be made against it. To the east are the Harrats (lava rocks) over which massed armies cannot be easily defeated. The same situation is also in the western southern corner. Therefore, the attack could only be made from the eastern and western corners of Uhud, and the Holy Prophet had secured the city by digging a trench on that side. It was not in the infidels' plan of war that they would be confronted by a trench outside Medina, for the Arabs were unacquainted with this method of defense, so they had to prepare for a long winter siege which So they were not mentally prepared.
After that, there was only one strategy left for the infidels, and that was to seduce the Jewish tribe of Bani Qurayza who lived in the south-east corner of Madinah Tayyaba. Since the Muslims had a formal alliance agreement with this tribe, according to which they were bound to defend together with the Muslims in the event of an attack on Madinah, therefore the Muslims did not worry about this and saved their hair in those strongholds. had sent those who were on the side of Bani Quraiza and had not made any arrangements for defense there. The infidels realized this weakness of the Islamic defense. They sent the Jewish leader of Banu Nazir to Huyy bin Akhtab Banu Qurayzah to persuade them to break the treaty and join the war. Initially, they denied it and said clearly that our Muhammad (peace be upon him).) and till date we have never had any complaint from them. But when Ibn Akhtab said to them, "Look, I have brought the united power of the Arabs against this person at this time, this is a rare opportunity to eliminate him, if you lose him, then you cannot get another chance." Then the enmity with Islam in the mind prevailed over the moral aspect and Banu Quraiza were willing to break the covenant. ([6])
The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was not unaware of this matter either. The Prophet (PBUH) was informed of this in time and he (PBUH) immediately sent the chiefs of the Ansar (Saad bin Ubadah, Saad bin Mu'adh, Abdullah bin Rawaha and Khawat bin Jubayr) to them to investigate and understand the situation. While walking, he instructed them that if the Banu Qurayza remained true to their covenant, then they should come and announce this news in front of the entire army. But if they insist on breaking the covenant, then just report it to me so that the common Muslims do not lose heart after hearing this. When these gentlemen reached there, they found Bani Quraiza willing to do all the mischief, and they said to them, "There is no marriage, and there is no contract with Muhammad." "There is no covenant between us and Muhammad." After hearing this answer, he returned to the army of Islam and made a sign to the Holy Prophet (PBUH): In other words, what the tribe of Azal Waqara did to the delegation of Islam at the place of Raje'ah, the same thing is being done by Bani Quraiza now. ([7])
This news spread very quickly among the Muslims of Madinah and it created great anxiety among them. Because now they were surrounded from both sides and that part of their city was in danger, where there was no arrangement for defense and all the children were on the same side. On this, the activities of the hypocrites intensified and they started various psychological attacks to demoralize the believers. Someone said that promises were being made to us that the country of Caesar and Kasra would be conquered, and the present situation is that we cannot even go out to defecate. Someone asked for leave from the front of the trench saying that now our houses are in danger and we have to go and protect them. Someone even started a secret propaganda to settle their case with the invaders and hand over Muhammad to them. It was a time of severe trial in which anyone who had even an iota of hypocrisy in his heart was exposed. It was only the righteous and sincere people of faith who remained steadfast in their commitment to sacrifice even in this difficult time.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on this critical occasion started peace talks with Bani Ghatfan and wanted to persuade them to return with one-third of the fruits of Madinah. But when the Prophet asked the leaders of the Ansar (Saad ibn Ubadah and Saad ibn Muadh) for advice regarding these terms of peace, they said, O Messenger of Allah, is it your wish that we do so or is it the command of Allah that we So there is no choice but to accept it. Or are you suggesting this to save us? He replied, "I am only doing this to save you people, because I see that the whole of Arabia is united against you. I want to break them from each other." The chiefs unanimously said that if you are making this agreement for our sake, then terminate it. These tribes were not able to take from us even a habba as tribute when we were polytheists, and now we have the privilege of believing in Allah and His Messenger. Will they take tribute from us now? Between us and them now is only the sword, until Allah decides between us and them. Saying this, he chalked up the draft of the agreement which was not yet signed.
At the same time, Naeem bin Mas'ud, a man from Ashja'a branch of the Ghatafan clan, became a Muslim and came to the Holy Prophet (SAW) and said that no one knows about my acceptance of Islam. can do The Holy Prophet said, "You go and make a plan to divide the enemy." (On that occasion, the Holy Prophet said, "Harb al-Hadada. It means to deceive in war.) So he first went to the Banu Qurayzah, with whom he had a lot of contact. and said to them that Quraysh and Ghatfan can go back after being fed up with the siege, nothing will harm them, but you have to stay in the same place with the Muslims, what will happen to you if they leave? My opinion is that you should not take part in the war until some prominent men of these foreign tribes have been sent to you as hostages. This got into the hearts of Bani Qurayzah and they decided to ask for hostages from the tribes of the United Front. Then he went to the chiefs of Quraish and Ghatfan and said to them that Bani Qurayza seems to be getting loose, it is not unlikely that they will ask you for some men as hostages and hand them over to Muhammad. Clear your case. So deal with them carefully. This led to the defeat of the leaders of the United Front on the side of Bani Qurayza and they sent a message to the Qurayza chieftains that we are tired of this long siege, now let there be a decisive battle. It should be known, tomorrow you attack from here and we will attack the Muslims from here at once. Banu Quraiza sent a reply saying that unless you hand over some of your prominent men to us as hostages, we cannot risk war. This answer convinced the leaders of the United Front that Naeem's words were true. They refused to give hostagesAnd from this Bani Quraiza understood that Naeem had given us good advice. Thus, this war maneuver proved to be very successful and it caused a split in the enemy's camp.
Now the siege had lasted more than twenty-five days. It was a cold season. Supplying water, food and fodder for such a large army was becoming increasingly difficult. And the morale of the besiegers had also been weakened by the split. In this situation, suddenly one night with the force of a strong wind, the tents of the enemies were overturned and a great chaos arose inside them. He could not bear this action of God. During the night, everyone went home and when the Muslims woke up in the morning, there was not a single enemy in the field. Seeing that the field was empty of enemies, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) immediately said: "Lin taghzoon kum Quraysh after Aamikum haza walkkankum taghzonum". Now you will attack them. This was an absolutely correct assessment of the situation. Not only the Quraysh, all the enemy tribes had united and fought their last battle against Islam. After losing it, they had no courage left to dare to attack Madinah.
Bad position and punishment of Jews Bani Qurayzah
After returning from the trench, when the Holy Prophet (PBUH) reached home, Gabriel came at noon and ordered that the arms should not be opened yet. یہ حکم پاتے ہیں حضورؐ نے فوراً اعلان فرمایا : أَنْ لَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدٌ الظُّهْرَ إِلَّا فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَتَخَوَّفَ نَاسٌ فَوْتَ الْوَقْتِ، فَصَلَّوْا دُونَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ: لَا نُصَلِّي إِلَّا حَيْثُ أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَإِنْ فَاتَنَا الْوَقْتُ، قَالَ : فَمَانَفَ وَاهُدُ من الفِرِيقِينِ ([9]) “One should not pray Asr prayer until he reaches Diyar Bani Quraizah. Some said that we will go and pray at the same place where the Holy Prophet has given the ruling, even if the time does not run out. You didn't say anything to either of them. With this announcement, he sent Hazrat Ali (R.A.) along with a group to Bani Quraiza as Muqadmat al-Jish. When they reached there, the Jews climbed the houses and abused the Prophet ﷺ and the Muslims. The entire population of Madinah was in danger of death. Seeing Hazrat Ali's troops, he thought that they had come to threaten him. But when the entire Islamic army under the leadership of the Holy Prophet reached there and besieged their town, the parrots of their hands flew away. He could not bear the severity of the siege for more than two or three weeks and finally he surrendered himself to the Prophet on the condition that Hazrat Saad bin Mu'adh, may Allah be pleased with him, the chief of Qibla Aws, would decide in his favor. Yes, they will agree. He made Hazrat Sa'd the ruler in the hope that he would consider the alliance relations between Aws and Bani Quraiza during the Jahiliyyah era and allow them to leave Madinah in the same way as before. Bani Qainqa and Bani al-Nazir were allowed to leave. The people of the tribe of Awas were also requesting Hazrat Saad to be gentle with their allies. But Hazrat Saad had just seen how the two Jewish tribes who had been given the opportunity to leave Madinah had incited all the surrounding tribes and brought an army of ten to twelve thousand against Madinah. And this matter was also in front of them that what this last Jewish tribe had done to destroy the people of Madinah by making a bad decision on the occasion of the external attack, so they decided to kill all the men of Bani Qurayzah. should be given, the women and children should be enslaved, and all their property should be distributed among the Muslims. This decision was followed, and when the Muslims entered the strongholds of Bani Qurayza, they found that these traitors had provided fifteen hundred swords, three hundred armours, two thousand spears and fifteen hundred shields to take part in the war of the parties. If Allah's support had not included the Muslims, all this war equipment would have been used to attack Madinah from the rear while the polytheists were preparing to break through the trench at once. After this revelation, there was no room to doubt that the decision given by Hazrat Saad in the case of these people was absolutely correct ([10]).
[1] Sahih Al-Bukhari, Hadith No: 4794.
[2] Surah Al-Ahzab: 53.
[3] Ibn al-Jawzi, Abu al-Faraj Abd al-Rahman, Kafsh al-Mashkal min Hadith al-Sahihihin: 1/83, Dar al-Watan, Riyadh.
[4] Ahzab is the plural of Hizb and the meaning of Hizb is group group etc.
[5] This siege lasted throughout the month, so both the days of Shawwal and Dhul-Aqda are included in it.
[6] Ibn Hisham, Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyyah: 2/220.
[7] Also: 2/221.
[8] Seerah Ibn Hisham: 2/254.
[9] Sahih Muslim, chapter of Al-Maqir al-Balghu, hadith number: 1770.
[10] Al-Shami, Muhammad bin Yusuf al-Salih, Sibal al-Huda and al-Rashad, in the life of Khair al-Abad, and mention the virtues and signs of prophethood, and his deeds and references in al-Mubadad and Ma’ad: 4/8, 4/331, Dar Kitub Al-Ulamiya Beirut, Lebanon, 1414.
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